Citations

Bridges, A. Global Warming: 8,000 years ago. CBS News. Retrieved February 22, 2008, fromhttp://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/09/23/tech/main574644.shtml

Gelling, P. (2007, December 13). Focus of Climate Talks Shifts to Helping Poor Countries Cope. The New York Times, p. 31.

Musgrave, R. A. (October 2007). 9 THINGS YOU Need to Know ABOUT Global Warming. National Geographic Kids, (374), A16-A20.

National Geographic News. Global Warming Fast Facts. Retrieved February 21, 2008, fromhttp://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/1206_041206_global_warming.html

Roach, J. Global Warming "Very Likely" Caused by Humans, World Climate Experts Say. National Geographic News. Retrieved February 21, 2008, fromhttp://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/02/070202-global-warming.html

Steele, B. &Pleschner, D. (February 2008). Connecting the dots: Global Warming and ocean acidification. National Fishermen, 88(11)8.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Basic Information - Climate Change. Retrieved February 22, 2008, fromhttp://www.epa.gov/climatechange/basicinfo.html

Vaish, N. (February 11, 2008). GREEN HEIGHTS; The concepts of eco-friendly buildings is fast catching up in India. They are healthier and improve productivity apart from saving money and energy. India Today, 48.

Weise, E. (2007, December 5) Report warns of dangers USA faces from climate change. USA Today, p. 8D.

NEW TOPIC & URL's

My new topic is why we should go green - or be more environmentally friendly.

http://0-proquest.umi.com.ucark.uca.edu/pqdweb?index=6&did=1427121001&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1203357022&clientId=8427

http://0-proquest.umi.com.ucark.uca.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1427865421&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1203357200&clientId=8427

http://0-xa4hl6uw4s.search.serialssolutions.com.ucark.uca.edu/directLink?&atitle=Report%20warns%20of%20dangers%20USA%20faces%20from%20climate%20change&author=Elizabeth%20Weise&issn=07347456&title=USA%20TODAY&volume=&issue=&date=20071205&spage=D.8&id=doi:&sid=ProQ_ss&genre=article&lang=en

http://0-xa4hl6uw4s.search.serialssolutions.com.ucark.uca.edu/directLink?&atitle=Focus%20of%20Climate%20Talks%20Shifts%20to%20Helping%20Poor%20Countries%20Cope&author=Peter%20Gelling&issn=03624331&title=New%20York%20Times&volume=&issue=&date=20071213&spage=A.31&id=doi:&sid=ProQ_ss&genre=article&lang=en

http://0-proquest.umi.com.ucark.uca.edu/pqdweb?index=37&did=1389671201&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1203357574&clientId=8427

5 websites for Modern Slavery

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/slavery1.html

http://www.antislavery.org/homepage/antislavery/modern.htm

http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa061202a.htm

http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/09/23_16691.shtml

http://www.revisionisthistory.org/forgottenslaves.html

More about slavery...

According to the United States State Department, potentially 4 million people were sold into slavery and trafficked and held against their will in 2001. The State Department determined that slave holders and traffickers usually use threats and intimidation to hold people. According to the report, women and children make up the majority of modern day slaves. 50,000 women and children are trafficked annually for sex exploitation into the United States. Victims typically find themselves isolated once they are transported into a new country because they usually cannot speak the language. Trafficking of people usually happens in countries where the economies are unstable as are their governments because usually promises for better pay looks a lot better than the conditions that most people are living in. Trafficking acts that combat trafficking of persons have been put in place, but most people in slavery are hard to find because they won't talk, and the laws just aren't enforced well.

http://usgovinfo.about.com/library/weekly/aa061202a.htm

Different kinds of Modern Slavery

Slavery did not stop after Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. It still goes on today and there are several forms. It affects men, women, and children. In eastern Europe, women are sold as sex slaves, children are sold between west African countries, and men are forced to be slaves on Brazilian estates.

Bonded labor occurs when people are tricked into getting a small loan and then are forced to repay it by working seven days a week for a whole year. They receive their basic needs to survive as "payment" but several people can never pay off the loan so it keeps going through the generations of their family until they can pay it off. Another type is forced marriage which forced girls and women into marriage that is usually characterized by abuse. Forced labor is when a person/group of people is forced to work by beng illegally recruited by being threatened. Slavery by descent is when people are born into a slave family or a slave caste. Trafficking is a slavery form that is the trading of people to use them for slavery in another area. And last but not least is child labor, which is the practice of employing children in work that is harmful to their health.

http://www.antislavery.org/homepage/antislavery/modern.htm

Modern Slavery

I began my research about the history of mcdonalds and how to run a store, but i came up with nothing. Instead, i then thought about doing my research on affirmative action, or gambling, but wasn't really interested in either. i ended up with modern slavery, so for the remainder of the year, most of my entries will be about modern slavery.

"Roughly twice the population of Rhode Island are being held against their will as modern day slaves." Most people think that there is no such thing as modern slavery and try to convince themselves that it doesn't exist by referring to it as a low paying job, or inhumane working conditions. Some of the places that harbor modern slaves are Haiti, Sudan, India, and Southern Pakistan. Many children in Africa are sold into industries including domestic, agricultural, and sex industries where they are exploited. Southern Sudan has some of the worst slavery in the modern day, where Arabs from the north kill the men and enslave the women and children, and it's considered a tradition there. In India, children are taken from their homes and forced to weave on looms for food and their sleeping conditions are horrible. In Pakistan slaves are much like indentured servants, but they are forced into servitude if they can't repay their debts. The Dominican army is sent to raid public places to get people harvest sugar cane when there's not enough laborers. Slavery isn't over. It's all around the world and worse than ever.

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/slavery1.html

Critique of last article

To start off, it doesn't say how the dolphins or sea lions are trained; it just says what they are trained to do. It doesn't say why the program started to train them, it just says that they wanted new designs for underwater weapons and vessels. It doesn't say why the raids in Vietcong stopped when there were dolphins on the scene either. The article doesn't say how or why the animals are moving from safe zones into combat zones. It also doesn't say why the general public doesn't hear about these animals or this program more.

Another Summary...

"Marine Mammals are a Force Multiplier"

The United States Navy has taken advantage of the millions of years of evolution that dolphins and sea lions have gone throuhg in order to help them with their missions with mine detection, object recovery, and identifying adversary's combat swimmers. The Navy's highly sophisticated training techniques help the dolphins and sea lions to accomplish these daunting tasks. The Marine Mammal Program began by studying how they can make their underwater weapons such as torpedoes better. Since the 1970s, the program has removed 40 exercise antisubmarine rockets, numerous exercise mines, and it has saved scarce funds by not having to have human divers do the job. Since about 1983, the Navy has developed their expeditionary capabilities to expand their missions from safe zones by sea shores to combat zones and even from ships. The Navy operates their Marine Mammal program under various protectionary acts from the federal government and other protection programs and their program in San Diego, California, is one of the most highly sophisticated programs for Marine Mammals in the nation. The success of these animals in the Marine Mammal Program has generated a proposal to expand their quickresponse capabilities to play a role in aircraft craches and body location and recovery.

Renwick, D. M., Simmons, R. & Truver, S. C. (August 1997). Marine Mammals are a Force Multiplier. United States Naval Institute Proceedings, 123(8), 52.

Article #2 Summary

Dolphins find mines through sonar. Sonar helps the sound to bounce off of the object they are retrieving or finding which helps them to locate the object. When they find it they attach a float to it so the experts can remove the mine safely. The dolphins are rewarded with fish when they do a job well done; they've found 22 mines in the Persian Gulf so far. Sea lions also help the Navy by locating enemy divers. Once they find them, they attach locking cuffs on their legs so they cant move and a rope is attached that floats to the surface so they can be questioned by American security.

Anonymous. (2003). "Searching the Sea" . Scholastic News. 59 (24) Retrieved January 28, 2008 from ProQuest databases.

Critique of article 1

The article “Sleek Sailors – The Navy’s Marine Mammal Program” has some deficiencies in it that I would like to address. For starters, it says the dolphins and sea lions were “relatively easy to train”, but it did not say how they were going to train them, or why they were easy to train. The article also says that “the Navy has had up to 150 marine mammals on its payroll” not stating how much was being paid and to whom it was being paid to, whether it be the animals trainers, the animals funds, or who the Navy got the mammals from. It also doesn’t address how the mammals find the mines, how they mobilize the animals, or where the animals are kept. The article could be made much better by addressing these issues because the article is very broad with no specific details.

Walsh, Don. (2007). "Sleek Sailors - the Navy's Marine Mammal Program." United States Navel Institute Proceedings. 133 (5) Retrieved January 28, 2008, from ProQuest database.

1st Summary

In the article “Sleek Sailors – The Navy’s Marine Mammal Program” the Navy has discovered how useful and efficient marine mammals can be in helping to design new submarines and underwater weapons. In 1963, the Navy learned in its first experiment that dolphins could be used for military missions as dogs can be used to missions with police forces. Many marine mammals were experimented with to see which could be utilized the best, and the bottlenose dolphin and the California sea lion came out to be the best choices because they were easy to train, adaptable to different missions, and didn’t require a lot of health care. The first mission these mammals was sent on was in war with Vietnam; they were there to help with defense in ports, harbors, and restricted waterways. At first the use of these mammals was speculated among outsiders, but they were reassured that the animals were not killing machines because they already had sufficient weapons for that. However, it is believed that the Soviet Union utilized marine mammals as killing machines during the Cold War, but after the war those programs were terminated. The Navy’s most recent mission with the marine mammals was in the Iraq harbor of Umm Qasar in 2003 where they cleared underwater mines for a safe marine landing. Up to 150 marine mammals have been used in five training programs in the Navy and since the information has become declassified in the 1990s, huge amounts of research have been released.

Walsh, Don. (2007). "Sleek Sailors - the Navy's Marine Mammal Program." United States Navel Institute Proceedings. 133 (5) Retrieved January 28, 2008, from ProQuest database.